VBA and Macros

File Format Support (click to show)

XLSX does not support macros. The XLSM file format is nearly identical to XLSX and supports macros.

Formats	Basic	Storage Representation
XLSM	✔	vbaProject.bin file in container
XLSX	✕	Not supported in format (use XLSM)
XLSB	✔	vbaProject.bin file in container
XLS	✔	Intercalated in CFB container

X (✕) marks features that are not supported by the file formats. There is no way to embed VBA in the XLSX format.

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) is a scripting platform embedded in Excel. Users can include user-defined functions and macro code within spreadsheets.

The vbaraw property of the SheetJS workbook object is an encoded data blob which includes the VBA macros and other metadata.

The SheetJS read and readFile methods do not pull VBA metadata by default. If the bookVBA option is set to true, the vbaraw blob is created.

var workbook = XLSX.read(data, { bookVBA: true });
var encoded_vba_blob = workbook.vbaraw;

The SheetJS write and writeFile methods will save the vbaraw blob if it is present in the workbook object and if the output file format supports macros.

workbook.vbaraw = encoded_vba_blob;
XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "SheetJSNewMacro.xlsm");

Newer versions of Excel support a new JavaScript API for writing user-defined functions. Those addins are not stored in the spreadsheet files.

The "Excel JavaScript API" demo covers usage of SheetJS libraries within the API.

The vbaraw property stores raw bytes. SheetJS Pro offers a special component for extracting macro text from the VBA blob, editing the VBA project, and exporting new VBA blobs.

Demos

The export demos focus on an example that includes the following user-defined functions:

Function GetFormulaA1(Cell As Range) As String
  GetFormulaA1 = Cell.Formula
End Function

Function GetFormulaRC(Cell As Range) As String
  GetFormulaRC = Cell.Formula2R1C1
End Function

Copying Macros

After downloading the sample file, the demo extracts the VBA blob and creates a new workbook including the VBA blob. Click the button to create the file and open in a spreadsheet editor that supports VBA:

Web Browser

Result

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Live Editor

function SheetJSVBAFormula() { return ( <button onClick={async () => {
  /* Extract VBA Blob from test file */
  const url = "/vba/SheetJSVBAFormula.xlsm";
  const raw_data = await (await fetch(url)).arrayBuffer();
  const blob = XLSX.read(raw_data, {bookVBA: true}).vbaraw;

  /* generate worksheet and workbook */
  const worksheet = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([
    ["Cell", "A1", "RC"],
    [
      {t:"n", f:"LEN(A1)"},      // A2
      {t:"s", f:"GetFormulaA1(A2)"},  // B2
      {t:"s", f:"GetFormulaRC(A2)"}   // C2
    ]
  ]);
  const workbook = XLSX.utils.book_new();
  XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, worksheet, "Sheet1");

  /* add VBA blob to new workbook */
  workbook.vbaraw = blob;

  /* create an XLSM file and try to save to SheetJSVBANeu.xlsm */
  XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "SheetJSVBANeu.xlsm");
}}><b>Click to Generate file!</b></button> ); }

NodeJS

0. Install the dependencies:

npm init -y
npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-0.20.2/xlsx-0.20.2.tgz

1. Save the following script to generate_file.js:

generate_file.js

const XLSX = require("xlsx");
(async() => {
/* Extract VBA Blob from test file */
const url = "https://docs.sheetjs.com/vba/SheetJSVBAFormula.xlsm";
const raw_data = await (await fetch(url)).arrayBuffer();
const blob = XLSX.read(raw_data, {bookVBA: true}).vbaraw;

/* generate worksheet and workbook */
const worksheet = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([
  ["Cell", "A1", "RC"],
  [
    {t:"n", f:"LEN(A1)"},      // A2
    {t:"s", f:"GetFormulaA1(A2)"},  // B2
    {t:"s", f:"GetFormulaRC(A2)"}   // C2
  ]
]);
const workbook = XLSX.utils.book_new();
XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, worksheet, "Sheet1");

/* add VBA blob to new workbook */
workbook.vbaraw = blob;

/* create an XLSM file and try to save to SheetJSVBANeu.xlsm */
XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "SheetJSVBANeu.xlsm");
})();

2. Run the script:

node generate_file.js

This script will generate SheetJSVBANeu.xlsm.

Extracting VBA Blobs

To extract blobs, bookVBA: true must be set in the read or readFile call.

The following example extracts the embedded VBA blob in a workbook:

Web Browser

Result

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Live Editor

function SheetJSExtractVBA(props) {
  const [msg, setMsg] = React.useState("Select a macro-enabled file");
  return ( <>
    <b>{msg}</b><br/>
    <input type="file" onChange={async(e) => {
      /* parse workbook with bookVBA: true */
      const wb = XLSX.read(await e.target.files[0].arrayBuffer(), {bookVBA: true});

      /* get vba blob */
      if(!wb.vbaraw) return setMsg("No VBA found!");
      const blob = wb.vbaraw;

      /* download to vbaProject.bin */
      setMsg("Attempting to download vbaProject.bin");
      const url = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([blob]));
      const a = document.createElement("a");
      a.download = "vbaProject.bin"; a.href = url;
      document.body.appendChild(a); a.click();
      document.body.removeChild(a);
    }}/>
  </> );
}

NodeJS

0. Install the dependencies:

npm init -y
npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-0.20.2/xlsx-0.20.2.tgz

1. Save the following script to extract_vba.js:

extract_vba.js

const fs = require("fs"), XLSX = require("xlsx");
const wb = XLSX.readFile(process.argv[2], { bookVBA: true });
if(!wb.vbaraw) throw new Error("Could not find VBA blob!");
fs.writeFileSync("vbaProject.bin", wb.vbaraw);

2. Run the script:

node extract_vba.js SheetJSMacroEnabled.xlsm

This script will generate vbaProject.bin. It can be added to a new workbook.

Exporting Blobs

To ensure the writers export the VBA blob:

• The output format must support VBA (xlsm or xlsb or xls or biff8)
• The workbook object must have a valid vbaraw field

This example uses vbaProject.bin from the sample file:

Result

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Live Editor

function SheetJSVBAPrepared() { return ( <button onClick={async () => {
  /* Download prepared VBA blob */
  const url = "/vba/vbaProject.bin";
  const blob = new Uint8Array(await (await fetch(url)).arrayBuffer());

  /* generate worksheet and workbook */
  const worksheet = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([
    ["Cell", "A1", "RC"],
    [
      {t:"n", f:"LEN(A1)"},      // A2
      {t:"s", f:"GetFormulaA1(A2)"},  // B2
      {t:"s", f:"GetFormulaRC(A2)"}   // C2
    ]
  ]);
  const workbook = XLSX.utils.book_new();
  XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, worksheet, "Sheet1");

  /* add VBA blob to new workbook */
  workbook.vbaraw = blob;

  /* create an XLSM file and try to save to SheetJSVBAPreparedNeu.xlsm */
  XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "SheetJSVBAPreparedNeu.xlsm");
}}><b>Click to Generate file!</b></button> ); }

Details

Code Names

Excel will use ThisWorkbook (or a translation like DieseArbeitsmappe) as the default Code Name for the workbook. Each worksheet will be identified using the default Sheet# naming pattern even if the worksheet names have changed.

A custom workbook code name will be stored in wb.Workbook.WBProps.CodeName. For exports, assigning the property will override the default value.

Worksheet and Chartsheet code names are in the worksheet properties object at wb.Workbook.Sheets[i].CodeName. Macrosheets and Dialogsheets are ignored.

The readers and writers preserve the code names, but they have to be manually set when adding a VBA blob to a different workbook.

Macrosheets

Older versions of Excel also supported a non-VBA "macrosheet" sheet type that stored automation commands. These are exposed in objects with the !type property set to "macro".

Under the hood, Excel treats Macrosheets as normal worksheets with special interpretation of the function expressions.

Detecting Macros in Workbooks

The vbaraw field will only be set if macros are present. Macrosheets will be explicitly flagged. Combining the two checks yields a simple function:

function wb_has_macro(wb/*:workbook*/)/*:boolean*/ {
  if(!!wb.vbaraw) return true;
  const sheets = wb.SheetNames.map((n) => wb.Sheets[n]);
  return sheets.some((ws) => !!ws && ws['!type']=='macro');
}